pyramids, which are 3D shapes with a polygonal base connected to an apex close apex The vertex that is the peak of a pyramid.prisms, which are 3D shapes with a constant cross-section.The opposite faces are congruent., which are 3D polyhedra with six rectangular faces cuboids close cuboid A 3D shape with six rectangular faces.Faces are the flat surfaces that make up a 3D shape. This section will explore the concepts of faces, edges, and vertices and how they contribute to defining various 3D shapes. The same number of faces meet at each vertex. Understanding the fundamentals of 3D shapes is crucial for building a strong foundation in geometry. icosahedron close icosahedron A platonic solid with 20 equilateral triangular faces.Īll the faces are congruent close congruent Shapes that are the same shape and size, they are identical.dodecahedron close dodecahedron A platonic solid with twelve pentagonal faces.octahedron close octahedron A platonic solid with eight equilateral triangle faces.cube close cube A 3D shape with six square faces.tetrahedron close tetrahedron A platonic solid with four equilateral triangle faces.The platonic solids are regular polyhedra: Other 3D shapes with least one curved surface are not polyhedra. These 3D shapes have at least one curved surface and at least one face that is not a polygon.Ī 3D shape with all straight edges and flat faces is a polyhedron. and spheres close sphere A round 3D shape with no edges. This is given by the formula \(E\) = \(V\) + \(F\) – 2ģD shapes that are non-polyhedral include cylinders close cylinder A 3D shape with a constant circular cross-section across its length., cones close cone A 3D with a flat at the bottom and a curved surface reaching to a point at the top. The number of edges of a polyhedron is two less than the sum of the number of vertices and faces. The line formed when two faces meet., and vertices close vertex The point at which two or more lines intersect (cross or overlap). The properties of a polyhedron are given by its faces close face One of the flat surfaces of a solid shape., edges close Edge The line formed by joining two vertices of a shape. These are the tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, dodecahedron and icosahedron. Named by the shape of its base, such as square-based or hexagon-based., and the platonic solids close platonic solid A polyhedron with regular polygon faces. Polyhedra include prisms close prism A 3D shape with a constant polygon cross-section., pyramids close pyramid A 3D shape with a polygon-shaped base and a pointed apex. The three dimensions are length, width, and height. (plural ‘polyhedra’) is a fully enclosed 3D shape with faces that are all polygons. A regular polyhedron is a platonic solid. The two dimensions are length and width.Ī polyhedron close polyhedron A closed 3D shape with polygonal faces, straight edges and sharp (pointed) vertices. is a closed 2D shape with straight edges. A polygon close polygon A closed 2D shape bounded by straight lines.
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